Tracer Study - 19735 Words

TRACER STUDY OF TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATES BY PREVANAND RAMRATHAN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION (TEACHER EDUCATION) In the Faculty of Education University of Durban-Westville Durban, South Africa, 1997 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation is my own previously for any degree in any University. wor~ and has not been submitted ~~ PRAMRATHAN , . CONTENTS PAGE TITLE PAGE ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DECLARATION CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY I n IV V VI VIII IX 69 CHAPTER 1 : OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY - WHERE DO TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATES GO? PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND†¦show more content†¦A seminal study recently commissioned by a government Committee of Teacher Education Policy (COTEP), the so-called National Teacher Education Audit (henceforth referred to as the Audit), reported that there is an over-supply of teachers in some school subjects (e.g. Biblical Studies) and an under-supply in other subjects (e.g. Science and Mathematics). These findings seem to corroborate widespread news reports that new teachers are not finding employment. The apparent contradiction between supply and demand alluded to above raIses important questions regarding the employment of teachers. Is there, in fact, an oversupply of teachers? Do teacher education graduates find employment in teaching? Do Science and Mathematics teacher education graduates, in fact, fill positions in these assumed critical areas? To address these and related questions, a study was designed to track a cohort of new teachers with the goal of ascertaining thei r employment status in the years immediately following their graduation. ,The study used a longitudinal tracer study design to trace the 1995 cohort of teacher graduates of the Faculty of Education, University of Durban-Westville. Data were collected at three different periods: at graduation (July 1996), at the end of the school year (December 1996), and at the beginning of the new school year (January 1997). Survey questionnaires were used for the collection of data from students, whileShow MoreRelatedTracer Study2540 Words   |  11 PagesCHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This Chapter presents the background of the study, problem and its significance, and the scope and delimitation of the study. Introduction It must be acknowledge that University of La Salette has some of the best and finest education institutions in Philippines with well-equipped workshops and laboratories, internship programmes and professionally staffed with a variety of scholarly professionals. These institutions turn out a large number of diplomats, graduatesRead MoreUse Of Calcium Channel Blockers And Parkinson s Disease191824 Words   |  8 PagesUse of Calcium Channel Blockers and Parkinson’s Disease19 The Pasternak et al publication was a Danish study that investigated the correlation between PD and CCB use via a retrospective cohort study using the Danish Civil Registration System, with an Oxford 2b level of evidence. The primary goal of this study was to determine if the incidence rate of PD in new users of DHPs differed significantly from those non-users, when studying the Danish population ≠¥45 years of age between January 1, 1998 andRead MoreActivity 1.7.11281 Words   |  6 Pages1.7.1: Skills Integration Challenge-Introduction to Packet Tracer Topology Diagram Addressing Table Device R1-ISP R2Central S1Central PC 1A PC 1B Eagle Server Interface Fa0/0 S0/0/0 Fa0/0 S0/0/0 VLAN 1 NIC NIC NIC IP Address 192.168.254.253 10.10.10.6 172.16.255.254 10.10.10.5 172.16.254.1 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.2 192.168.254.254 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.252 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.252 255.255.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway N/A N/A N/A N/ARead MoreComputer Aided Mammograms And Trans Atlantic Data Transfer Privacy1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthat recent studies have shown that computer-aided mammograms are not effective at detecting more instances of breast cancer or tumors, yet these screenings are recommended by U.S. health care organizations and officials. The source of this issue is as follows: Cortez, Michelle Fay, Zachary Tracer, and Bloomberg. â€Å"Study casts doubt on computer-aided mammograms.† Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune, 28 September 2015. Web. . Description: The controversy lies in the fact that some studies show that computer-aidedRead MoreThe Many Uses of Radiation in Medicine651 Words   |  3 Pagesuses a radioactive substance known as a tracer to find diseases in the body or determine if there are cancer cells growing in the body. PET scans can show how organs and tissue function in the body. This type of scan is different from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a computed tomography (CT) scan. PET scans use small amounts of radioactive substance known as a tracer. The tracer is given through an IV located on the inside of the elbow. The tracer travels through your blood and absorbs inRead MoreNuclear Medicine601 Words   |  3 Pagesother medical conditions affecting the thyroid gland. How to prepare for a nuclear medicine exam varies because each study is different but otherwise, the patient is given a small amount of radioisotope, either orally or by injection, to enhance the visualization of the selected organs or vascular structures. When the radioisotope has accumulated in the region of the body under study, the technologist positions a camera close to the region and begins the scanning process. These images are then viewedRead MoreAnalysis Of Broca s Aphasia And Its Effects On The Production Of Speech1222 Words   |  5 Pages with 12% of victims suffering Broca’s aphasia. However expressive aphasia can also be the result of a tumor, genetic defect, or head injury that affects the left inferior frontal lobe. Several techniques have been used to study Broca’s aphasia and Broca’s area, as well as the link between them. One example of such is functional magnetic resonance imaging, commonly known as fMRI. fMRI shows change in brain activity, and the localisation of such activity. It does this by measuringRead MoreThe Final Environmental Medium Is Biota Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagescalculate that intake rate is, Sie = (DWf + DWp) Ãâ€" Ef) + 2Eu) − (DWfd Ãâ€" Efd)/ Esoil, where Sie =soil ingested based on tracer element (grams), DWf =feces dry weight (grams), DWp =feces dry weight on toilet paper (grams), Ef =tracer concentration in feces (ÃŽ ¼g/g), Eu =tracer amount in urine (ÃŽ ¼g), DWfd =food dry weight (grams), Efd =tracer concentration in food (ÃŽ ¼g/g), and Esoil =tracer concentration in soil (ÃŽ ¼g/g) (Westat Inc, 2011). Since well water is used by the town the pesticide could be ingestedRead MoreFACTORS AFFFECTING THE DECREASE POPULATION IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT COURSE2848 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Factors Affecting the Decrease Population in Hotel and Restaurant Management Course RESEARCH PROPOSAL PART I: BASIC INFORMATION PROJECT TITLE: â€Å"TRACER STUDY OF GRADUATES OF THE COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY OF IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY POTIA CAMPUS, ALFONSO LISTA, IFUGAO: S.Y 2006 – 2011† STUDY TITLE: TRACER STUDY AS A PARADIGM FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF QUALITY COURSE PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT FOR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT AT IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY, POTIA CAMPUSRead MoreThe Use Of Radiotherapy885 Words   |  4 Pagesdetect both breast and ovarian cancers early and more accurately. Cancer is typically difficult or even impossible to see, which is why cancer detection as well as diagnosis (let alone treatment) has historically proven to be so challenging. 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Tyler Cowen’s Creative Destruction How Globalization is Changing the World Free Essays

string(150) " reach places that are beyond the border of that society, people tend to choose and adapt the favorable phenotypes, rather than the unfavorable ones\." Trade and commerce carry a crucial role in creating and changing cultures of races and tribes. In Tyler Cowen’s book entitled ‘Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World’, trade is depicted as a living entity that builds, grows, and transforms, depending on the elements that influence trade. Cultural homogenization and heterogenization have the ability to work together, with some traits or phenotypes of the two cultures becoming more alike, while others become more different over the process. We will write a custom essay sample on Tyler Cowen’s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Cowen has failed to realize that, given a specific environment, trade does not always lead to wealth or cultural diversity within a certain environment. With trade and commerce influencing the formation, transformation, and reformation of cultural diversity, there are significant roles that the individuals living in the society must carry. Tyler Cowen’s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World: On the Issue of Choice and Positive Liberty in the Cultural Marketing Industry Trade is one of the oldest trends, which has continued to change the world and the course of human history. It changed culture, language, the state of art and heritage, and thanks to trade, the alphabet of the Phoenicians and the numerals of the Arabs were both preserved even to this very day. Businesses and immigrants carry a crucial role in creating and changing cultures of races and tribes. Reflecting the Darwinian Theory, which says that individuals or groups of individuals compete so as â€Å"to achieve their goals of fitness and reproduction† (Saint-Paul, 2002, p. ), internationalization is being born. This pertains to â€Å"the geographic spread of economic activities across national boundaries† (Gereffi Memedovic, 2003, p. 2). The world economy started to form and be active; with trade and business spreading across boundaries†¦ forming cultures that affect the way people live. In Tyler Cowen’s book entitled ‘Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World’, it is stated that â€Å"Trade†¦ shapes our sense of cultural self† (Cowen, 2002, p. ). This book proves how trade invasion both creates and destroys culture—that while one culture is being destroyed, another is being created. Trade here is being depicted as a living entity that builds, grows, and transforms, depending on the elements that influence trade itself. Globalization is a creative destruction because it multiplies diversity within a specific individual or race, as it decreases diversity outside the specific individual or race. This paper revolves around Cowen’s book and his manifestation that creative products—those that pertain to music, literature, cinema, cuisine, or the visual arts—are at allies with trade and commerce. Nevertheless, we shall prove how Cowen (2002) failed to realize that, given a specific environment of a town or country, trade do not always lead to wealth and diversity within a certain environment. Groups and individuals carry the most significant roles on whether trade would transform them†¦ or if they would transform trade. Main Body The version of Cowen According to Cowen (2002), â€Å"To varying degrees, Western cultures draw their philosophical heritage from the Greeks, their religions from the Middle East, their scientific base from the Chinese and Islamic worlds, and their core populations and languages from Europe† (p. 6). He says that internationalization intensified starting in the 19th century, when the means of travel developed with the inventing of cars, railroads, and steamships, while promoting cultural diversity and creativity (p. 6). In contrast, the era of cultural decline during the Dark Ages (422 A. D. – 1100 A. D. ) also reflected â€Å"a radical shrinking of trade frontiers† (p. 6). Through literature, music, art and cinema, and even sports, the tide of cross-cultural exchange of trade has influenced the exchange of creative production as well. However, as Cowen (2002) stated, â€Å"Just as trade typically makes countries richer in material terms, it tends to make them culturally richer as well† (p. 13). Cross-cultural trade and exchange have made way for greater opportunities in wealth, technology, and what he called as ‘cultural blossomings’ (p. 3). As diversity across societies forms or transforms (with the help of trade), diversity inside and outside the society moves in opposite directions: When one society trades a new artwork to another society, diversity within society goes up, but diversity across the two societies goes down. The question is not about more less diversity per se, but rather what kind of diversity globalization will bring. Cross-cultural exchange tends to favor diversity within society, but to disfavor diversity across societies. (p. 15) In the broader prospect of the topic of globalization, Cowen’s version fit within the paradigm that says that, diversity over time is greatly influenced by trade and commerce between societies. Being the best manifestations of culture, creative products influence internationalization that, sequentially, influences the formation of these creative products. The paradigm of Cowen Cowen’s paradigm in his book ‘Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World’ creates the thought that cultural diversity is being formed, transformed, or reformed out of a society’s trade and commerce industry. Through cross-cultural trade, there is an exchange of creative production through the intention of gaining wealth, technology, knowledge, and what Cowen (2002) defined as ‘cultural blossomings’. This, however, is just another way of reusing or reinterpreting Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which states that â€Å"the proportion of organisms in a species with characteristics that are adaptive to a given environment increases with each generation† (American Heritage Science Dictionary, 2002). It is like saying that, in a world where cross-cultural interaction takes place frequently—especially under internationalization—the favorable characteristics of a cultural society are transmitted for adaptation to another trading society; while the unfavorable ones of that cultural society tend to diminish against adaptation within the spectrum of the two societies. What Darwin calls the ‘phenotype’ (i. e. observable characteristics of organisms) reaches the cultural society though trade and commerce, and according to Cowen (2002), this is being transmitted in the form of creative production by means of music, literature, cinema, cuisine, or visual arts. Not only wealth and goods are shared but also the ideas, the art forms, and the basic culture that is most prevalent within the society. As they reach places that are beyond the border of that society, people tend to choose and adapt the favorable phenotypes, rather than the unfavorable ones. You read "Tyl er Cowen’s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World" in category "Papers" It is like saying that cultural human evolution revolves around the sharing and reproduction of creative, cultural phenotypes; and those that are being categorized as ‘favorable’ increase in frequency and power, as when compared over to the ‘unfavorable’ ones. As a result, Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, and Mickey Mouse became as global as the number of countries that the government of the United States has reached and occupied. International capitalism serves as both the cause and effect of cultural diversity. The gap filled by Cowen â€Å"The question is not about more less diversity per se, but rather what kind of diversity globalization will bring. –Cowen, 2002, p. 15 Trade and commerce influence the formation, transformation, and reformation of cultural diversity. Reinterpreting diversity-over-time as a value, Cowen (2002) has come up with the term operative diversity or â€Å"how effectively we can enjoy the diversity of the world† (p. 16 ). Stating how the world was much diverse during the 15th century than how it is today, he reinterpreted human evolution by stating the following lines: â€Å"Markets have subsequently disseminated the diverse products of the world very effectively, even when those same cross-cultural contacts have damaged indigenous creative environments† (Cowen, 2002, p. 6). Cultural homogenization and heterogenization, according to Cowen (2002), have the tendency to go together, with some phenotypes of the two cultures becoming more alike, while others becoming more different over the process. This is the gap filled up by Cowen (2002) when he wrote ‘Creative Destruction’. Although there is some truth over the natural selection theory, it does not clearly state how the organisms (or societies) react to one another, especially regarding culture. It just summarizes that the strong, favorable phenotypes survive, while the weak and unfavorable ones tend to diminish. Unlike the theory of the natural selection, which interprets adaptations and human evolution by defining traits (e. g. , cultural, environmental) as strong or weak, or as favorable or unfavorable, Cowen’s theory clearly points out that, in a certain cultural environment, there is a specific kind or manner of diversity, which sprouts out of the interaction. Cultural diversity does not just strengthen or weaken, they do not just live or die, but have the tendency to form, transform, or be reformed through homogenization and heterogenization of traits and cultures. It is not merely ‘destruction’ but a creative destruction because of the many ways that may bud or develop out of a specific cultural interaction. The gap left by Cowen Cowen’s book states that, as trade and commerce intensify, internationalization and globalization also intensify†¦ and, with this, the promotion of cultural diversity and creativity. Cultural decline happens with the weakening of trade and commerce, and this brings lesser diversity to culture and creative production. Trade and commerce should bring more wealth, technology, and cultural blossomings, in the same way that all these bring more numbers to trade and commerce. It is a two-way process that is resilient and ongoing†¦ changing culture and diversity inside and outside the society. However, it would be utterly wrong to explain cultural evolution in such a plain, simple picture between trade and culture inside and outside the society. Given a specific environment, Cowen (2002) has failed to recognize that trade does not always lead to the intensification of internationalization or globalization. It does not always bring more wealth, or technology, or cultural blossomings; and a fall in trade does not always mean a fall in terms of diversity. One good proof is the Asian crisis that transpired in the year 1997. In a changing era of globalization, East Asia received much criticism when what was called the ‘engine of the world’ financially collapsed because of some unregulated flows of the global capital. In the same way that Mexico experienced financial collapse in 1994, East Asia’s version was much worse, since it reached many countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Korea. This is an economic collapse, and the crisis was brought about through the globalization of the financial markets, where local banks and finance companies subjected more on foreign loans that, by 1996, were much loaded with non-performing loans. This gives the conclusion that, despite successful trade and commerce industry, an exchange of goods does not always lead to the intensification of internationalization or globalization. It does not always bring more wealth, and although it can intensify technology, diversity, and cultural blossomings, it can degrade wealth at the same time. The lens used by Cowen Cowen’s paradigm sets the thought that cultural diversity is being formed, transformed, and reformed out of a society’s trade and commerce industry. His lens is better than that used by the Darwinians, which is a way of saying that the strong and favorable characteristics of a cultural society are transmitted for adaptation to another trading society; while the weak and unfavorable characteristics of that cultural society tend to diminish against adaptation within the spectrum of the other society. Cowen’s lens appear to be more concrete and detailed—like a microscopic device that takes into account how individuals react, what are the changes, or which characteristics are maintained. More flexibly, he takes into account the true complexity of the environment—with individuals or societies that have the ability to choose which ones are to be accepted or left behind. It shapes the cultural self by making a decision on which kind of diversity globalization should be allowed to bring. Thus, cultural diversity do not just strengthen or weaken but forms, transforms, and reforms itself. Homogenization and heterogenization can blend together, and the type of diversity that springs forth out of the interaction is influenced by the members of the trading societies. Cowen’s lens are, in a way, similar to the lens used by Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick, when he stated in his book entitled Anarchy, State, and Utopia that the â€Å"market society offered a cultural utopia based on freedom of choice† (Cowen, 2002, p. 2). He portrayed in his paper about a ‘libertarian’ world, where individuals have the freedom to choose their own lifestyles, mores, and their culture (p. 2). Cowen has criticized this, as he raised the question on â€Å"how much choice actually is available in the market† (p. 2). True, there are not many choices left for a society that has done almost everything in coming up with the best type of environment (not precisely cultural environment) that would be best for the society. Yet for those that have much more left to do, there are a thousand choices that can be used in improving the state of their environment. The market, still, has its own liberty. Conclusion â€Å"[T]he market does in fact expand our positive liberties and increase the menu of choice. If not, the freedom to engage in marketplace exchange will stand in conflict with other notions of freedom†¦ More generally, the question at stake is what kinds of freedom are possible in the modern world. † –Cowen, 2002, p. 4 The lens used by Cowen (2002) is far better than that used by the Darwinians. Despite the fact that Cowen (2002) supports the Darwinian Theory that everything utterly revolves around ‘natural selection’ in the society, he supports the idea that there are meaningful ways on how trading societies influence one another’s culture and traits. His views, however, has failed to acknowledge the following statements: first, that trade and commerce do not always lead to wealth, technology, or cultural blossomings; second, that trade and commerce do not always lead to an intensified state of internationalization; third, that trade and commerce do not always lead to an intensified state of globalization; fourth, that a failing finance, due to failure in trade and commerce, does not precisely mean failure in terms of diversity or creative production; fifth and final, that liberty is exceedingly available, especially to societies that have much more to improve. Cowen’s lens is more focused on the surrounding environment of the West. Despite being more concrete and detailed, it has failed to take into account the meaningful ways that people can approach the state of liberty, which people can have, especially concerning trade, commerce, and even culture. Cowen’s book has given enough evidence to prove that trade and culture undergoes a two-way process that is resilient and ongoing, as it changes the environment inside and outside the society. It is not a simple interaction, however, and we can say that failure in terms of trade and commerce could be the effect of a failure in terms of wise and proper execution of choice and liberty. As citizens carry the most significant roles in a society, the choice on whether culture will be formed, transformed, or reformed lies on their bare hands. How to cite Tyler Cowen’s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World, Papers

City Road Cardiff free essay sample

Social science is the study of human society and of the relationship of individual members within the society. Within the social sciences, the society is broken down into different variations of inequalities such as class, age, gender, sexuality, and ethnicity. Inequality is a disparity of not having the same lack of opportunities, status or treatment. In sociology and other social sciences, sociologist base their studies simply under the stratification system, which refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into divisions of power and wealth within a society. The study of stratification has long been studied in the history of sociology, teachings such as inequality, including economic inequality, racial/ethnic inequality, gender inequality, and other types of inequality determines the differences people are facing within the society. This inequality is known as the ‘spatio temporal’ – social inequality. It means having unequal opportunities and rewards for different social statuses within a group or society. We will write a custom essay sample on City Road Cardiff or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are two main ways to measure social inequality: inequality of conditions, and inequality of opportunities. Inequality of conditions refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth and material goods. Inequality of opportunities refers to the unequal distribution of ‘‘life chances’’ across individuals such as level of education, health status, and treatment by the criminal justice system. On City Roads there are many examples of inequalities. For example, there are different types of shops seen in the City Road, that is attracted and used for different clientele. Janet Symmons sells african products to her chosen customers. Because, she brings various products from Africa to sell in her shop, she contributes to making social lives in Africa as well as on City Road. The inequality in this particular example, is the race and or ethnicity, which makes her shop different from the local markets. Alot of people in the City Roads use Tesco supermarket to those who use the traditional newsagent shop. You will find Tesco supermarket in every corner of the city as oppose to the newsagent shop. Also, in the newsagent shop you may not find all your household necessities rather than in the leading supermarket. This is an economic inequality, because Tesco supermarket is a leading company, where as the local newsagent  shop is owned by a private company or a person, but has somewhat similar contributions to making social lives on the City Roads. People travel to the city centre through kinds of transport systems. Most people travel by to the city centre by car, or buses. Most people wear different types of clothing, in contrast to, those who are less wealthy. This substantiates the inequality of conditions, which in this case is the support of income and wealth. Tim Masters plays an important role to the community and to City Roads, by ensuring the streets are clean, by cleaning the blockages of fat in the sewers. He is providing a service to the City Roads and making and repairing social life by doing material infrastructure for the society. Older people seems to be using the Taste Buds Cafà © rather than the younger people. In contradiction to the Pool Hall, it does not deliberately exclude older people from using the facilities, rather, it’s whom it’s designed to attract specific groups of people. This is a clear example of age, as its majority clashes between the elderly and the younger group of people. However, some activities of other groups of people are perceived as threatening or out of order by others. The nightlife shown on City road says that a lot of younger people tend to be using the facilities of nightclubs, it is due to the fact that its primarily designed to attract the younger group pf people rather than the elderlies. Finaly, the Mackintosh Centre on City Road shows how different inequalities are met through converting it into a sports centre and then transforming it into a market to attract a wide range of local people. This is not only designed to attract certain type of groups, but it is also attracting a wide variety of people and making the Mackintosh centre more resourceful and reliable for the society. To summarise it all, the social inequality seen and presented on the City Roads suggests how the lives of a society revolves around the similarities and differences of inequalities throughout the day and night. There were a lot of factors of inequalities mentioned on the City Roads, such as age, race or ethnicity, wealth and income. There had not been any subjects related to gender or sexuality on the City Road other than taking their opinions of individuals of both men and women, to illustrate their experiences on City Road of Cardiff.